Chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive with no cure and high morbidity mortality that occurs commonly in the general adult population, especially people diabetes hypertension. Preservation of function can improve outcomes be achieved through non-pharmacological strategies (eg, dietary lifestyle adjustments) chronic disease-targeted disease-specific pharmacological interventions. A plant-dominant, low-protein, low-salt diet might help to mitigate glomerular hyperfiltration preserve renal for longer, possibly while also leading favourable alterations acid-base homoeostasis gut microbiome. Pharmacotherapies alter intrarenal haemodynamics renin–angiotensin–aldosterone pathway modulators SGLT2 [SLC5A2] inhibitors) by reducing intraglomerular pressure independently blood glucose control, whereas other novel agents non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) protect anti-inflammatory or antifibrotic mechanisms. Some cystic diseases benefit from therapies. Managing disease-associated cardiovascular risk, minimising risk infection, preventing acute injury are crucial interventions these patients, given burden complications, associated mortality, role non-conventional factors disease. When replacement therapy becomes inevitable, an incremental transition dialysis considered has been proposed residual longer. There similarities distinctions between kidney-preserving care supportive care. Additional studies development innovative necessary ensure optimal achieve greater longevity better health-related quality life patients.